Chapter 15

The Globalization of Christianity
  • Christianity was largely limited to Europe at the beginning of the modern era. In 1500 Christendom stretched from Spain to England and West Russia.
  • Christianity was divided into Roman Catholic of Western and Central Europe and Eastern Orthodox of Eastern Europe.
  • Christian crusaders from their toeholds in the Holy Land by 1300 with the Ottoman seizure of Constantinople in 1453.
  • 1529 Muslims marked an advance into the heart of Central Europe.
Persistence and Change in Afro-Asian Cultural Traditions
  • African forms of religious ideas and practices accompanied slaves to the Americas
    • dream interpretation, visions, spirit possession
  • found a place in the Africanized versions of Christianity
  • Vodou in Haiti, Santeria in Cuba, Candomble and Macumba in Brazil persisted.
    • derived from West African traditions
A New Way of Thinking: The Birth of Modern Science
  • Vast intellectual and cultural transformations that took place between the mid-sixteenth and 18th centuries
  • Men no longer rely on the authority of the Bible, Church
  • Knowledge acquired through careful observations and controlled experiments
    • Copernicus (Poland)
    • Galileo (Italy)
    • Descartes (France)
    • Newton (England) = Scientific Revolution.
  • Altered ideas about the place of humankind within the cosmos and challenged the teachings and the authority of the Church.
  • Technological innovations of the Industrial Revolution fostered both marvels of modern production and horrors of modern means of destruction.

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